Carbon nanotechnology began in the 1990s, and its presentation has greatly improved and improved the national economy. Its internal structure is of a hierarchical type and can exhibit special chemical properties in the field of catalysis and devices. At the same time, new nanomaterials appear after graphene and nanotubes, and new carbon nanomaterials have become a hot topic in many research fields.

Type of carbon nanomaterial

(1) Carbon nanotubes: Carbon nanotubes are seamless, hollow tubes of graphene sheets formed of carbon atoms, which are generally classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and double-walled carbon nanotube.
(2) Carbon fiber: It is divided into two types: acrylonitrile carbon fiber and pitch carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is lighter than aluminum and stronger than steel. Its specific gravity is 1/4 of iron and its strength is 10 times that of iron. Besides its high strength, its chemical properties are very stable, corrosion resistance is high, and it is resistant to high temperature. Low temperature, radiation resistance, and deodorization. Carbon fiber can be used in a variety of different fields, due to high manufacturing costs, a large number of structural materials used in aviation equipment, sports equipment, construction engineering. The University of Illinois in the United States invented an inexpensive carbon fiber with high strength and toughness, as well as a strong adsorption capacity, can filter toxic gases and harmful organisms, can be used to manufacture anti-virus clothing, masks, gloves and protective clothing.
(3) Carbon spheres: The carbon spheres are divided into: (1) fullerene-based Cn and onion carbon (having a closed graphite layer structure with a diameter of between 2 and 20 nm), such as C60, C70, etc.; (2) Incompletely graphitized nanocarbon spheres having a diameter between 50 nm and 1 μm; (3) carbon microbeads having a diameter of 11 μm or more. In addition, according to the structural morphology of the carbon sphere, it can be divided into hollow carbon spheres, solid hard carbon spheres, porous carbon spheres, core-shell structure carbon spheres and colloidal carbon

Application of carbon nanomaterials

Because of the high specific surface area and good fusion of new carbon nanomaterials, new carbon nanomaterials can be used in electrochemical research. In the field of electrochemical research, the most widely studied are biosensors. Because of the strong mobility and adsorption of new carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials are suitable for biosensor research. Its application is described below. Related studies have shown that the biological activity of some small biomolecules can be enhanced by carbon nanomaterials, because carbon nanomaterials can promote the activity of enzymes in small molecules, and can also enhance the adsorption capacity of DAN in small molecules. The new nanotubes can be used as a small carrier to support some metal particles and related types of enzymes, and the metal must have good electrical conductivity. Due to the different properties of carbon nanomaterials, electrochemical sensors can be classified into three types, as follows.

(1) New carbon nanomaterials carrying enzymes Some researchers use nitrogen-added carbon nanomaterials to carry some liquid concentrations in related solutions; others have fixed nanomaterials at one end of the electrode, using related linkases on carbon nanomaterials. The other end, whereby the carbon nanomaterial acts as an intermediate part, forms an electrochemical reaction between the electrode and the enzyme.
(2) Fusion between carbon nanomaterial-bearing materials and nanoparticles New carbon nanomaterials have good electrical conductivity and it is a good carrier. Therefore, the fusion of nanomaterials and related catalysts is a good innovation. Researchers used new carbon nanomaterials in combination with platinum to detect different types of hormones; some researchers combined nanomaterials with polyaniline and used the combination as a measure of the concentration of nitrite in the chemical.
(3) Carbon Nano can be used as a material for the relevant electrode Since the novel carbon nanomaterial has very good electrocatalytic properties, it is very suitable for fabricating an electrochemical sensor. For example, researchers have used carbon nanomaterials to detect the content of related elements in the electrode solution water; on the other hand, carbon nanomaterials can also be used to detect related cytochrome problems. It can be concluded that the electrochemical sensor is made of carbon nanomaterials, so the electrochemical sensor belongs to a new class of detection equipment, and the electrochemical sensor belongs to a class of equipment which is small in size and simple in operation. However, the application time of carbon nanomaterials on electrochemical sensors is not long. It is only the basic part of the sensor. In order to make the function of the electrochemical sensor more stable and safe, we need to do some things to optimize and improve the nano materials. In addition, we need to continually explore more carbon nanomaterials, and then compare and combine with existing carbon nanomaterials, and apply them again to sensor improvements.