Refractory materials refer to inorganic non-metallic materials with a refractoriness exceeding 1580°C. Refractoriness refers to the Celsius temperature at which the refractory cone sample resists the action of high temperature without softening and melting under no load.

There are many types of refractory materials. According to the chemical characteristics, it can be divided into acidic refractory materials, neutral refractory materials and alkaline refractory materials; according to the level of refractoriness, it can be divided into ordinary refractory materials (1580～1770℃), refractory materials (1770～2000℃) and refractory materials (2000℃). above). In addition, there are refractory materials for special occasions.

The main component of acidic refractories is nano-silica, and silica bricks and clay bricks are commonly used. Silica bricks are siliceous products with a nano-silica content of more than 93%. The raw materials include silica, waste silica bricks, etc., with high load softening temperature, strong resistance to acid slag erosion, and no shrinkage or even slight expansion after repeated calcination. However, it has poor thermal shock resistance and is easily corroded by alkaline slag. Silica bricks are mainly used for thermal equipment such as coke ovens, acid steelmaking furnaces, and glass furnaces. The main raw material of clay bricks is refractory clay, and the content of nano alumina is 30% to 46%. It is a weakly acidic refractory material, has good thermal vibration resistance, has corrosion resistance to acidic slag, and is widely used.

The main components of neutral refractories are nano alumina, chromium oxide or carbon. The corundum product with the content of nano-alumina reaching more than 95% is a kind of refractory material with wide application. The main component of chrome brick is chromium oxide. Although it has good corrosion resistance to steel slag, it has poor thermal vibration resistance and low deformation temperature under high temperature load. Carbon refractory materials include carbon bricks, graphite products and silicon carbide products, which have light weight, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high high The advantages of acid, alkali and salt erosion, in addition to being widely used as high-temperature furnace lining materials, it is also used as an autoclave lining for chemical and petroleum industries.

The main components of alkaline refractories are nano-magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, and magnesia bricks are commonly used. Magnesium bricks with nano-magnesium oxide content higher than 80%-85% have good resistance to alkaline slag and iron slag, and have higher refractoriness than clay bricks and silica bricks. Mainly used in oxygen blowing converter, open hearth furnace, electric furnace, non-ferrous metal smelting equipment and some high temperature equipment.

Refractory materials used in special occasions include high-temperature oxide materials, such as nano alumina, nano zirconia, nano lanthanum oxide, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, etc.; refractory compound materials, such as carbides, sulfides, borides, and nitrides , Silicides, etc.; high-temperature composite materials, mainly cermets, fiber-reinforced ceramics, high-temperature inorganic coatings, etc.

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