(1) Particle size characterization

Particles disperse in liquid to form a suspension system. The smaller the particle size and the more stable it becomes over time, the better its dispersion and less likely it is to agglomerate. Particle size characterization is commonly used to characterize the particle dispersion before and after surface modification. The better the dispersion of particles, the closer the particle size distribution is to monodisperse particles; On the contrary, the poorer the particle dispersion, the more the particle size distribution tends to shift from monodisperse particles to coarser particles.

(2) Electron microscopy characterization
Scanning electron microscopy is the most intuitive method for characterizing the existence state of particles in liquid systems. After dispersing the particles in the liquid phase, take an appropriate amount of suspension and drop it into the scanning electron microscope stage. After drying, observe under the electron microscope and take photos to compare the dispersibility.
(3) Zeta potential
Zeta potential is the potential difference between particles and solution when particles move relative to each other along the slip surface. The pH value of the solution corresponding to zero potential is called the isoelectric point. The zeta potential value and its isoelectric point on the surface of particles are important parameters for studying the dispersion and aggregation behavior of particles. In recent years, some people have used the surface zeta potential of particles as a standard to evaluate the dispersion stability of particles in water. It is generally believed that when the absolute value of the surface zeta potential of particles in a dispersed system is above 30mV, the dispersed system is a stable system, and the larger the absolute value of the zeta potential, the better the stability of the dispersed system.
(4) Gravity settlement

The settling method is a method of determining the stability of a dispersed system by measuring the settling volume and settling velocity of solid particles in a suspended system under the action of gravity. Under the influence of gravity, after a certain settling time, the more settling particles there are, the worse the dispersion; The fewer settling particles on the opposite side, the better the dispersion. However, due to the long time consumption of the settlement volume method, the method of measuring the settlement rate is generally adopted. The measurement method for settling rate is generally to use a UV spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance of a suspension system over time, and then convert the absorbance value into the concentration of particles in the suspension to evaluate the dispersion stability of particles in the suspension system.

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